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  <h1 class="h11">外篇 卷四十一 清鉴</h1>
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<div class="articleContent" id="articleContent"> <p>抱朴子曰；咸谓勇力绝伦者，则上将之器；洽闻治乱者，则三九之才也。然张飞关羽万人之敌，而皆丧元辱主，授首非所；孔融边让文学邈俗，而并不达治务，所在败绩。邓 禹马援田间诸生，而善於用兵；萧何曹叁不涉经诰，而优於宰辅。尔则知人果未易也。欲试可乃已，则恐成折足覆食束；欲听言察貌，则或似是而非，真伪混错。然而世人甚以为易，经耳过目，谓可精荆余甚猜焉，未敢许也。</p><p>区别臧否，瞻形得神，存乎其人，不可力为。自非明并日月，听闻无音者，愿加清澄，以渐进用，不可顿任。轻假利器，收还之既甚难，所损者亦已多矣。无以一事暗保其余，同乎己者，未必可用；异於我者，未必可忽也。</p><p>或难曰：“夫在天者垂象，在地者有形，故望山度水，则高深可推；风起云飞，则吉凶可步。智者睹木不瘁，则悟美玉之在山；觌岸不枯，则觉明珠之沈渊。彗星出，则知鳣鱼之方死；日月蚀，则识骐驎之共斗。华霍不须称，而无限之重可知矣；江 河不待量，而不测之数已定矣。鸿鹄之翼，騄骐之足，虽未飞走，轻迅可必也。豪曹之剑，徐氏匕首，虽未奋击，其立断无疑也。</p><p>駮子有吞牛之容，鹗鷧有凌鸷之貌。卉茂者土必沃，鱼大者水必广。虎尾不附狸身，象牙不出鼠口。叔鱼无餍之心，见於初生之状；食我灭宗之徵，著乎开胞之始。申童觉窃妻之巫臣，张负知将贵之陈平。范子所以绝迹於五湖者，以句践蜂目而鸟喙也。赵人所以息意於争锋者，以白起首锐而视直也。文王之接吕尚，桑陰未移，而知其足师矣。玄德之见孔明，晷景未改，而腹心已委矣。</p><p>郭泰中才，犹能知人，故入颍川则友李元礼，到陈留则结符伟明，入外黄则亲韩子助，至蒲亨则师仇季知，止学舍则收魏德公，观耕者则拔茅季伟，奇孟敏於担负，戒元艾之必败。终如其言，一无差错。必能简精钝於符表，详舒急乎声气，料明暗於举厝，察清浊於财色，观取与於宜适，谓虚实於言行，考操业於闺阃，校始终於信效，善否之验，不其易乎？”</p><p>抱朴子答曰：“余非谓人物了不可知，知人挺无形理也。徒以斯术存乎大明，非夫当人自许。然而世士各谓能之，是以有云，以警付任耳。夫貌望丰伟者不必贤，而形器尪瘁者不必愚，咆哮者不必勇，淳淡者不必怯。或外候同而用意异，或气性殊而所务合。非若天地有常候，山川有定止也。</p><p>物亦故有远而易知，近而难料，譬犹眼能察天衢，而不能周项领之间；耳能闻雷霆，而不能识虫岂虱之音也。唐吕樊许善於相人状，唯知寿夭贫富官秩尊卑，而不能审情性之宽克，志行之洿拢惟帝难之，况庸人乎！而吾子举论形之例，诘精神之谈，未修其本，殆失指矣。</p><p>“夫亡射之箭，皆破秋毫。然准的恒不得为工。叔向之母，申氏之子，非不一得，然不能常也。陶唐稽古而失任，姬公钦明而谬授。尼父远得崇替於未兆，近失澹台於形海延州审清浊於千载之外，而蔽奇士於咫尺之内。知人之难，如此其甚。郭泰所论，皆为此人过上圣乎？但其所得者，显而易识；其所失者，人不能纪。</p><p>“且夫所贵，贵乎见俊才於无名之中，料逸足乎吴坂之间，掇怀珠之蚌於九渊之底，指含光之珍於积石之中。若伯喈识绝音之器於烟烬之余，平子剔逸响之竹於未用之前。六军之聚，市人之会，暂观一睹，无所眩惑，探其潜生之心计，定其始终之事行，乃为独见不传之妙耳。若如未论(原文有脱文)，必俟考其操蹈之全毁，观其云为之好丑，此为丝线既铨衡，布帛已历於丈尺，徐乃说其斤两之轻重，端匹之修短，人皆能之，何烦於明哲哉１</p> </div>
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